A Manuscript Vocabulary of Bangala by Luke Tunnard

Luke Tunnard (1926) and Shuichiro Nakao (Graduate School of Language and Culture – Osaka University)

 

Summary – 要旨 – Mulakhas – Zusammenfassung

This work is a vocabulary of Bangala, a Bobangi-based pidgin and historically a sister to Lingala, as spoken in the southwestern South Sudan (and the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo) around the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century. This original vocabulary, handwritten on a copy of Madan (1905) now kept at Makerere University Library (Kampala, Uganda) was collected by Major Luke Tunnard (†1926), a British soldier who was appointed to serve in colonial South Sudan during the First World War, but has left unpublished for a century. This vocabulary, however, is a largest vocabulary of Bangala as recorded on the South Sudanese side, and as such represents an important contribution to the study of this hitherto less studied pidgin.

本稿は19世紀末から20世紀初頭にかけて南スダン南西部 (コンゴ民主共和北東部) で話されたボバンギ語ピジン (かつリンガラ語の姉妹言語) であるバンガラ語 (Bangala) 語彙集である。この語彙集の集者であるルタナド氏 (†1926) は第一次世界大期南スダンにて植民地統治にたっていたイギリス人軍人であるMadan (1905) に直接書きまれる形で遺された彼の手による語彙集は、一世紀の間、出版されることなくウガンダマケレレ大学図書館に所されてきた。しかし、このバンガラ語語彙集はかつて南スダンで記されたものとしては最大であり、この未解明の言語の究にとって貴重なデタを提示するものである。

Shokol de mufradat ta Bangala, pidgin al asas tou Bobangi (al hasab tarik indi ilaka ma Lingala), al kan gi wonusu fi junub sherik Junub Sudan wu junub samal Jumhuriya Kongo al Dimokratiya hawula nihayat ta karan al 19 wu bidayat ta karan al 20. Mufradat orijinol del, katifu be ida fi sura ta kitab ta Madan (1905) al asa gi hafisu fi maktaba ta Jama Makerere (Kampala, Uganda). Kan limu limu mufradat del ma Bimbashi/Rayid Luke Tunnard (1926), askeri Britani al kan ayinu ashan bi kadim fi Junub Sudan ta zaman istimar fi zaman harb al alamiya al ula lakin sibu bidun ma bi tabau umon muda wahid karan. Mufradat del akbar mufradat ta Bangala al hasil sejilu fi jiha ta Junub Sudan, ashan kida umon gi mesil tabara kebir le bahas ta pidgin al gubal zaman de kan ma bahisu ketir de.

Introduction

<1>

A copy of Arthur Cornwallis Madan’s An outline dictionary intended as an aid in the study of the languages of the Bantu (African) and other uncivilized races (Madan 1905) kept at the Main Library of Makerere University (Call Number: AF 496.3827-3 MAD) contains handwritten vocabularies of Bangala, Dinka (Western Nilotic), and to a lesser extent, Pojulu (Eastern Nilotic) collected by its original possessor, late Major Luke Tunnard (†1926) of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, when he was stationed in South Sudan at the service of Sudan Government Service during the First World War[1]. This edition is based on its photocopy obtained by Shuichiro Nakao on his fieldwork in Kampala, September 2015[2].

<2>

Bangala is a Bantu (especially Bobangi)-based contact language historically related to Lingala, which seems to have been a widely spoken lingua franca in the Uele regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as its adjacent areas in the Republic of South Sudan (now parts of Equatoria regions) since the end of the 19th century (Edema 1994, Meeuwis forthcoming). After the border rectifications between the Belgian Congo and (then) Sudan, the status of Bangala as a lingua franca was taken over by an Arabic-based pidgin (now called Juba Arabic) by the end of the 1920s (Sudan Government 1928)[3]. Despite its relatively short period of existence on the South Sudanese side, there are a few published materials of Bangala collected in South Sudan, such as Wtterwulghe (1899), by a Belgian officer of the Force Publique, and MacKenzie (1910), by a British officer of the Royal Army Medical Corps, in addition to a short list contained in Stigand (1923) by a British officer and administrator who served in South Sudan[4]. Compared to these works, Tunnard’s unpublished vocabulary provides by far the richest (English) entries and therefore is an indispensable data to the study of Bangala.

<3>

This vocabulary is meant to be a faithful transcription of Tunnard’s handwritings, which are given in boldface, while the English entries given by Madan (1905) are given in plain characters. Although it appears that his use of the apostrophe before a word-initial consonant clusters (mainly pre-nasalization and double articulation, see his orthographic notes) is redundant and his prosodic (perhaps tone or ‘accent’) markings are not justified or fully consistent, these are left unchanged. A few of his prosodic markings have a flat form (e.g. Mōko ‘a, an’) while most others have a diagonal form (e.g. Móko ‘one’), but these are unified as an acute accent in this edition. Modifications are indicated by a strike-through (e.g. Mpepi Mapepi ‘air’) instead of retaining the original way of marking (e.g. ’Mª̭pepi). Ditto marks (") are replaced by full repetitions of the words or phrases. Apparent mistakes are marked by [sic]. The English entries and abbreviations for word classes follows Madan (1905)’s[5]. The abbreviations do not always meet the expected word class. English entries for which Tunnard does not fill a Bangala word are deleted, unless one of its sub-entries is filled.

Orthographic Notes (pp. xiii-xiv)[6]

Vowels (p. xiii)

<4>

á for the sound of a in fáther

é for the sound of é in french donné

í for the sound of ee in feet

ó for the sound of ow in flow or o in go

ú for the sound of oo in root

a͡ɩ for the sound of i in mile

o͡ɩ for the sound of oi in oil

Consonants (p. xiv)

<5>

p and f are often not distinguished

’m represents a sound resembling um

’n represents a sound resembling in

There is a sound which is written gb which has a resemblance to the sound igb, also a sound ig which is written ng.

A gb sound is pronounced as written without … stress on the g, the word will be understood …[7]

Alphabetical English-Bangala Vocabulary (pp. 1-332)

 

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A

<7>

A, An, a. Móko

Abandon, v. Atiki

be Able, v. Aíbi

Abode, n. Ndako

Aborigines, n. Basinji

Abound, v. Aji mingi

About, ad. prep. ——

(around). Pembeni

(nearly). Kwanja

(as to). Na

Above, ad. prep. ——

(of place). Nalikuro

Abscess, n. Mbóma nanjota

be Absent, v. Aji

Abstain, v. Atiki

Abundant, a. Mingi

Abuse, v. ——

(revile). Atukáni

Accompany, v. Aki na

Account, n. ——

(narrative). Kula

Across, ad. prep. ——

(be, place, or go across). Aliki

Act, n. Kusála

Act, v. Asáli

Add, v. Atangi

Adder, n. Nióka

be Adjacent, v. Aji peni-peni

Adjust, v. Asáli malámo

Adult, a. Batu mukuru

Adulterer, n. Batu na kusíba

Adultery, n. Kusíba

Advance, v. ——

(progress). Atambuli

Affair, n. Kula

be Afraid, v. Abangi

After, ad. prep. conj. ——

(of time). Nasima

(of place). Nasima

Afternoon, n. Nasima na móni nalikuro

Afterwards, ad. Nasima

Again, ad. Mokulu musúsu

Agree, v. ——

(be alike). Aji pila móko

Agriculture, n. Kusála na nyeli

Air, n. Mpepi Mapepi

Alight, v. Aki na nyeli

Alike, a. Pila móko

Alive, a. Akúfi

All, a. Nyoso

Allot, v. Apesi

Almost, ad. Kwanja

Alone, a. Móko

Aloud, ad. Makasi

Already, ad. Sasípi

Also, ad. Pila móko

Alter, v. Apasi

Altogether, ad. ——

(wholly). Nyoso

Always, ad. Mokulu nyoso

Ammunition, n. Rosási

Among, prep. Katikati na

Amputate, v. Akati

Amuse, v. Asali asiki

Amusement, n. Kusika

Ancient, a. Na kala kala

And, conj. Na

Anecdote, n. Tóli

be Angry, v. Sopo aji mábé

Animal, n. Nyáma

Ankle, n. Magóro

Anklet, n. Pinda

Announce, v. Alúbi

Annoy, v. Asáli sopo mábé

Annual, a. Na karanga nyoso

Another, a. Musúsu

Ant, n. Banjo

Ant white Bakwa

Antiquated, a. Na kala kala

Approach, v. Abi

Arab, n. Kotoría

Arm, n. ——

(limb). Mabóko

Armlet, n. Pinda

Arrive, v. Akúmi

Arrow, n. Ngwanja

Artery, n. Kamba na njota

As, conj. ——

(like, since, when, &c.).

Soko (when)

Pila moko (like)

Zambé na (since)

Ascend, v. Aki nalikuro

Ash, Ashes, n. Liburo na móto. Máfi na móto

Ask, v. ——

(question). Alúbi

be Asleep, v. Asiri aláli

(fall asleep). Aláli

Assemble, v. Abi na sika móko

Assent, n., v. Andimi (to nod)

At, prep. Na

Attack, n., v. Túmba. Asáli túmba

Attend, v. ——

(pay attention). Aóki

Await, v. Alambíri. Atikari

be Awake, v. Asiri aláli

be Aware, v. Aíbi

Axe, n. Gbono

B

<8>

Babble, v., n. ——

(talk nonsense). Alúbi pamba

Baby, n. Matóto móké

Back, n. ——

(of body). Magongo

(back part). Magongo

Back, ad. Nasima

Backbone, n. Pembi na magongo

Backward, ad., a. Nasima

Bad, a. Mábé

(go bad). Apuri

Badly, ad. Mábé

Bag, n. Liketi

Baggage, n. Bolóko

Bake, v. Asáli mápa

Bald, a. Myáni aji

Ball, n. Kundi

Bamboo, n. Nganji

Banana, n. Mbógo

Band, n. ——

(for binding). Kamba

Bang, v., n. Apíki

Banish, v. Afukusi

Banjo, n. Rabába

Bank, n. ——

(of river, &c.). Limbongo

Banner, n. Bendári

Bar, n. ——

(of wood, iron, &c.). Ndíti mbíli

Bark, n. Potu na ndíti

Barren, a. ——

(of female). Abúti

Base, n. ——

(lower part). Tongbu

Basin, n. Sáni

Basket, n. Kitanga

Bat, n. Ndíti

Bathe, v. Asukuli na meliba

Be, v. Aji. Azázi

Beam, n. ——

(of wood). Nditi

Bear, v. ——

(carry). Akamati

(produce). Abúti

Beard, n. Mandif

Bearer, n. Batu na sandúki

Beast, n. Nyáma

Beat, v. ——

(strike). Apíki

Because, v. Zambé na

Beckon, v. Abingi na mabóko

Become, v. Abia

Bed, Bedstead, n. Béto

Bedding, n. Ngombé na béto

Bee, n. Ndeki na ’njo͡ɩ

Bee hive, n. Ndako na ’njo͡ɩ

Beer, n. Mesanga

Before, ad., prep., conj. Nalibuso

on Behalf of, prep. Zambé na

Behind, ad., prep. Nasima

Belly, n. Sopo

Belong, n. Aji na

Below, ad., prep. Nasé

Belt, n. Kamba na gúgú

Bench, n. Kiti

Bend, v., n. Agúmbi

Beneath, ad., prep. Nasé

Bent, a. Asiri agúmbi

Bequeath, v. Apesi

Beside, ad., prep. ——

(by side of). Na ’ngambo na. Na pa͡ɩ na

(in addition to). Pila moko

Between, ad., prep. Katikati na

Bewail, v. Agámi

Beyond, ad., prep. Na magongo na

Big, a. Mukuru

Bind, v. Akangi

Bird, n. Ndeki

Bit, n. ——

(of bridle). Mbíli na kamba (na dongi)

(small piece). Kipandi

Bite, v., n. Akati na pembi

Black, a. Bépi

Blacksmith, n. Batu na kupíkambíli

Blade, n. ——

(of sword, &c.). Pembi

Blanket, n. Blanketi

Bleed, v. ——

(nt., act.). Makira akími (act.) Alanguli makira (nt.)

Blind, a., v. Misu amini

Blood, n. Makira

Blood-vessel, n. Kamba na njota

Blow, v. Asáli mpepi

Blue, a. Bépi

Blunder, v., n. Asáli nymolo

Blunt, a., v. Apeli

Board, n. ——

(plank). Ndíti

(daily food). Bolóko. Poso.

Boat, n. Kolumba

Boil, n. Mbóma na njota

Boil, v. Alambi

Bold, a. Matima makasi

Bolt, n. Néri

Bone, n. Pembi

Book, n. Waraga

Boot, n. Kitála

Both, a. Mibáli

Bottle, n. Melangi

Bottom, n. Tongbu

Bound, v., n. ——

(leap). Aki nalikuro

Bow, n. ——

(weapon). Danga

Bow, v. ——

(bend down). Agúmbáni

Bowels, n. Sopo

Bowl, n. Sáni

Box, n. Sandúki

Boy, n. Matóto molúmi

Bracelet, n. Pinda

Brave, a. Matima makasi

Brawl, n., v. Asáli keleli

Bread, n. Mápa

Break, v. Akati

Breakfast, n. Bolóko na kesikesi

Breast, n. Mábeli

Breath, n. Mapepi Mapepi

Breathe, v. Aspali mapepi mapepi

Breed, v., n. Abúti

Breeze, n. Mapepi Mapepi

Brew, v. Asáli mesanga

Brick, n. Brúki

Bridle, n. Kamba na dongi

Brim, n. Monoko

Bring, v. Abi na

Bring about (forth, up, out, in, &c.). Abúti (bring forth)

Brink, n. Monoko

Bristle, n., v. Myani

Broad, a. Mukuru

Broil, v. Alambi

be Broken, v. Asiri akati

Brook, n. Meliba

Broom, n. Kombo

Broth, n. Súpu

Brother, n. Ndeko

Brown, a. Bagbama

Brush, v., n. Boloso. Asáli na ....

Brushwood, n. Ndíti móké

Bucket, n. Katíni

Bugle, n. Gonga

Build, v. Asálindako

Bull, n. Bugara molúmi

Bullet, n. Rosási

Bullock, n. Bugara

Bun, n. Mápa

Bury, v. Ati na nyeli

Bush, n. Ndíti móké

“The Bush” Zamba

Business, n. Kusála

But, conj. Soko

Butt, n. ——

(thick end). Tongbu

Buttock, n. Tongbu

Button, n. Kifonga

Buy, v. Asúmbi

Buyer, n. Batu na kusúmba

By, ad., prep. ——

(beside, near). Ngambo. Na pa͡ɩ na

(by means of). Na

Byway, n. Njera móké

C

<9>

Cackle, v. Agámi

Cake, n. Gáto

Calabash, n. Ndukulu

Calculate, v. Atangi

Caldron, n. Kaseróni

Calf, n. ——

(of cow). Matóto na bugara

(of leg) Magóro

Calico, n. Ngombé

Call, v. ——

(summon). Abingi

(visit). Abi na kumina

(name). Apesi komba

Calm, n., v.

  be Calm. Atikari

Camp, n., v. Táya

Can, v. Aíbi

Can, n. Mbrígi

Canal, n. Meliba

Candle, n. Búzé

Candlestick, n. Tála

Cane, n. Nganji

Canoe, n. Kolumba

Cap, n. Taribúsi

be Capable, v. Aíbi

Capital, n. ——

(chief town). Matanga

Captive, n. Batu na kamba

Capture, n. Akamati

Carpenter, n. Kapinda

Carriage, n. Masúa

Carrier, n. Batu na sandúki

Carry, v. Akamati

Cart, n. Masúa

Cartridge, n. Rosási

Carve, v. Akati

Case, n. ——

(affair). Kula

(box). Sandúki

Cash, n. Paláta

Cast, v. Atúpi

Cat, n. Pusipus

Catch, v. Akamati

Cattle, n. Bugara

Cause, v., n. Zambé. Asáli

Cease, v. Asiri

Cell, n. Ndako na kamba

Centre, n. Katikati

Certain, a. ——

(particular). Móko

Chain, n., v. Kamba na ’mbili

Chair, n. Kiti

Change, n., v. (act., nt.). Apasi

Charcoal, n. Makala

Charm, n., v. ——

(of magic). Dówa

Cheat, v., n. Asáli myeli

Cheek, n. Mutama

Cheer, v., n. ——

(gladden). Asáli sopo malámo

be Cheerful, v. Sopo aji malámo

Chest, n. ——

(breast). Pánji

(box). Sandúki

Chew, v. Akati na pembi

Chicken, n. Koko

Chief, n., a. Makóto

Child, n. Matóto

Chip, n., v. Akati

Chisel, n. Mbíli

Choice, n., a. Kulinga

Choke, v. Akangáni na kingo

Choose, v. Alingi

Chop, v. Akati

City, n. Matanga

Civilian employed by govt. Tereba͡ɩ

Clan, n. Mbóka

Clap, v., n. ——

Clap the hands. Apíki mabóko

Clasp, v., n. Akamati

Claw, v., n. Akati na manzaka

Clean, a. Malámo

Clean, v. Asukuli

Clear, a., v. ——

(unoccupied). Pamba

Clever, a. Malámo

Cliff, n. Libógo

Climb, v. Aki nalikuro

Clock, n.

Close, a., ad. Penipeni

Close, v. Akangi

Cloth, n. Ngombé

Clothe, v. Akangingombé

be Clothed, v. Aji na .... ’ngombé

Clothes, Clothing, n. Ngombé

Cloud, n. Kilima

Club, n. (stick). Ndíti

Coat, n. Kóti

Cock, n. Koko

Coffee, n. Kówa

Cohabit, v. Alali na

Coil, n., v. Akangi

Coin, n. Paláta

Cold, n., a. Píu malili

Collar, n. Kingo na kóti

Collect, v. Ati sika móko

Comb, v., n. Kisanára

Come, v. Abi

Come to pass. Abia

Come from. Abi na

Come near. Abi peni peni

Come back. Afutuki. Abuláni

Come before. Abi nalibuso

Come after. Abi nasima

Come down. Abi nasé

Come together. Abi sika móko

Come out. Abi nakunji

be Comfortable, v. Sopo aji malámo

Commit, v. ——

(entrust). Apesi

(do). Asáli

Common, a. ——

(abundant). Mingi

Companion, n. Ndeko

Complete, a., v. Asiri .. malámo

Conceal, v. Abúmbi

Concealment, n. Kubúmba

Concerning, prep. Na

Conduct, v. Aki na

Connect, v. Akangi

be Conscious, v. ——

(aware). Aíbi

Consent, v., n. Andimi

Considerable, a. Mingi

Construct, v. Asáli

Consume, v. Alili

Consumption, n. Kulila

Contain, v. Aji na sopo na

be Contended, v. Sopo aji malámo

Contents, n. Bolóko na sopo

Contract, n., v. ——

(become less). Abia móké

Contribute, v. Apesi

Conversation, n. Kúla

Converse, v. Alúbi

Convey, v. Aki na

Cook, v. n. Alambi. Kuku

Cooking-pot, n. Kaseróni

Cool, a. Píu

become Cool. Abia píu

make Cool. Asali na píu

Coop, n. Ndako na koko

Copulate, v. Aláli na

Copy, v., n. Asáli pila móko

Cord, n., v. Kamba

Cork, n., v. Monoko

Corner, n. Babunda

be Corpulent, v. Aji mafúta mingi

Correct, a., v. Malámo

Cost, n., v. Kusumba

Cottage, n. Ndako

Couch, n. Béto

Cough, v., n. Ako

Count, v. Atangi

be Courageous, v. Abangi

Cover, v. Ati nalikuro

Cow, n. Bugara

Coward, n. Batu na kubanga

Cowardice, n. Kubanga

be Crazy, v. Aji libóma

Create, v. Asáli

Creek, n. Meliba

be Crooked, v. Alima

Cross, v. ——

(go across). Aliki

(be across) Aliki

be Cross, v. Sopo aji mábé

Crumbs, n. Sima na mápa

Cry, v. ——

(utter a cry). Agámi

(shed tears). Agámi

Cry, n. ——

(of joy, grief, &c.). Kugáma

(of animals, &c.). Kugáma

Cub, n. Matóto

Cubit, n. Mabóko

Cultivate, v. Asali na nyeli

Cultivation, n. Kusála na nyeli

Cultivator, n. Batu na kusála ect.[8]

be Cunning, v. Aji

Cup, n. Kopo

Cup, v. Alanguli makira

Cure, v. ——

(of disease). Alanguli na malála

Curse, v., n. Atukáni

Cut, v. Akati

Cut hair. Akati myáni na mótu

D

<10>

Dagger, n. Mbíli

Daily, ad., a. Mokulu nyoso

Damp, n., a. Bédi

Dance, n., v. Yangu

Dandy, n. Lipómbo

Dark, a. Bútu

be Dark. Aji na bútu. Bútu aji

get Dark. Abia na bútu. Bútu abia

Darkness, n. Bútu

Daughter, n. Matóto makáli

Dawn, n. Tongu

Dawn, v. Móni abími

Day, n. Mokulu

Daylight, n. Moni

Dead, a. Asiri akúfi

Deaf, a. Aóki malámo

Decay, v., n. Akaóki

Deceit, n. Myeli

Deceive, v. Asáli myeli

Declare, v. Alúbi

Decrease, v. Abia móki

Deep, a. Mula͡ɩ

Delay, n., v. Atikari

be Delirious, v. Alúbi pamba

Deliver, v. ——

(hand over). Apesi

Demon, n. Likondu

Den, n. Ndako

Depart, v. Aki

Deposit, v., n. Ati

be Depressed, v. Sopo aji mábé

Descend, v. Aki nasé

Desert, v. Akími

Desire, v., n. Alingi

Destroy, v. Abonguli

Detect, v. Akúti

Deter, v. Atiki

Devil, n. Likondu

Dew, n. Meliba na myáni

Dialect, n. Monoko

Die, v. Akúfi

Differ, v. ——

(be different). Aji gúdi

Dig, v. ——

Dig a hole. Akati libádo

Diminish, v. Asáli móké

Direction, n. ——

(way). Pa͡ɩ

Dirty, a. Mábé

Discover, v. Akúti

Disease, n. Kubíla maláli

Disembowel, v. Alanguli sopo

Disentangle, v. Alanguli

Dish, n. Sáni

Dislike, v., n. Alingi

Dislocate, v. Akati

Dismount, v. Aki na nyeli

Disperse, v. Afukusi

Distant, a. Kónakóna

Distribute, v. Apesi

Ditch, n. Libádo

Divide, v. Alanguli na katikati

Do, v. ——

(of acts generally). Asáli

(be sufficient). Asiri

Doctor, n., v. Maganga

Dog, n. Bogbo

Donkey, n. Dongi

Door, n. Monoko na n’dako [sic]

Doorway, n. Monoko nandako

Double, a., v. Mibáli

Down, ad. Nasé

Doze, v. Aláli

Drag, v. Abindi

Draw, v. ——

(drag). Abindi

Draw water. Asáli mpepi mapepi

Dream, v., n. Arúti. Kurúta

Dress, n. Ngombé

Dreass, v. ——

(put on clothes). Akangingombé

Drink, v., n. Alili

be Drinkable, v. Aji na kulila

Drive, v. Afukusi

Drive a nail. Apiki néri

Drive off (away). Afukusi

Drive a cart. Afukusi

Droop, v. Agúmbáni na nyeli

Drop, v., n. ——

(as water). Aki na nyeli

(fall, let fall). Asáli aki na nyeli

Drown, v. Akúfi na meliba

be Drowsy, v. Alingi aláli

Drug, n., v. Dáwa

Drum, n., v. Ndíma

be Drunk, v. Akúfi na mesanga

Dry, a. Akaóki

Dry season. Karanga

Duck, n. Kanár

Dumb, a. Alúbi

Dung, n. Máfi

be Durable, v. Aji makasi

Dusk, n. Bútu

Dust, n. Nyeli

Dust, v. ——

(wipe dust off). Asukuli

Duty, n. Kusála

be Duty of, v. Aji kusála na

Dwarf, n. Tiki-tiki

Dwelling, n.Ndako

Dye, n., v. Asáli begbama ....

E

<11>

Each, a. Moko nyoso

Ear, n. ——

(of animals, &c.). Matúa

(of corn, &c.). Mótu na vúndé

Earth, n. Nyeli

(land). Nyeli

(soil). Nyeli

(world). Nyeli nyoso

Earthenware, n. Na nyeli

Earthquake, n. Kugáma na libógo

Easily, ad. Peti peti

East, n., a. Nalikuro

Eat, v. Alili

be Eatable, v. Aji malámo na kulila

Edge, n. ——

(of a tool). Pembi

(of a river, &c.). Monoko. Limbongo

Egg, n. Parakondo

Eight, n., a. Moambi

Either, a., conj. ——

Either … or. Sokosoko

Elbow, n. Mabóko

Eleven, n., a. Júmi na móko

Elsewhere, ad. Sika musúsu

be Emaciated, v. Aji kangi kangi

Embark, v. Aki na kolumba

Embers, n. Liburo na moto

Employ, v. Asáli

Employment, n. Kusála

Empty, a. Pamba

Encamp, v. Asáli táya

Encampment, n. Táya

Enclosure, n. ——

(yard, pen, &c.). Gbata

End, n., v. Asiri

Enjoy, v. Alingi

Enjoyment, n. Kulinga

Enlarge, v. Asáli mukuru

Enough, n., a., ad., int. ——

be Enough. Akúki. Asiri

Enrage, v. Asáli sopo mabé

Entangle, v. Akangi

Enter, v. Abi na sopo na

Entirely, ad. Nyoso

Entrails, n. Sopo

Entrance, n. ——

(door, way in). Monoko

Equal, a. Pila móko

Erect, a., v. Alima

Error, n. Nymolo

Escape, v., n. Akimi

Evening, n. Gulo gulo

Every, a. Nyoso

Everywhere, ad. Sika nyoso

Evil, n., a. Mábé

Exact, a. Malámo

Excellent, a. Malámo mingi

Exchange, v. Apasi

Excrement, n. Máfi

Execute, n. ——

(put to death). Abonguli

Exist, v. Aji

Expedition, n. ——

(journey, caravan). Kutambula

(for war) Túmba

External, a. Na kunja

Extinguish, v. Abonguli

Eye, n. Misu

Eye-brow, n. Myáni na misu

Eye-lash, n. Myáni na misu

Eye-lid, n. Potu na misu

F

<12>

Face, n. Mbata. Ngbata

Fail, v. ——

(come to an end). Asiri

Fall, v. Aki na nyeli

False, a. Na likúta

Far, ad. Kóna kóna

bid Farewell, v. Alúbi sanini

Farm, n., v. Gbóta

Fast, a., ad. ——

(quick). Nóké nóké

Fasten, v. Akangi

Fastening, v. Káfonga

Fat, n., a. Mafúta

Father, n. Bapa

Fault, n. Nymolo

commit a Fault. Asáli nymolo

Fear, v., n. Abangi. Kubanga

Fearless, a. Abangi

Feather, n. Myáni nandeki

be Feeble, v. Makasi asiri

Feed, v. Apesi bolóko na kulila

Feel, v. ——

Feel ill. Abéli

Fellow, n. ——

(of same kind). Pila móko

(tribe, &c.). Ndeko

Female, a. Makáli

Fence, n. Gbata

Fetch, v. Abi na

Fetter, n., v. Kamba

Few, a. Mingi

Fight, v., n. Abúndi. Kubúnda

Fill, v. Atúmisi

have one’s Fill. Asiri atúmi

Find, v. Akúti

Fine, a. ——

(large, beautiful). Mukuru. Malámo

(delicate, small). Kangi kangi. Móké

Finery, n. Lipombo

Finger, n. Manzaka

Finish, v. Asiri

Fire, n., v. Móto

Fire a gun. Apíki bundúki

set Fire to. Ati móto na

Fire-place, n. Sika na móto

Fire-wood, n. Ndíti

be Firm, v. ——

(compact, stable). Aji makasi

(resolute). Matima aji makasi

First, a. Móko. Nalibuso

Fish, n. Samaki

Fish-hook, n. Dabána

Fish-trap, n. Kamba na samaki

Fist, n. Manzaka

Five, n., a. Mitáno

Fix, v. ——

(make fast). Akangi

Flag, n. Bendári

Flageolet, n. Musíki

Flank, n. Pa͡ɩ

Flat, a. ——

make Flat. Apémi

Flay, v. Alangúli pótu

Flesh, n. Nyáma

Flight, n. ——

(running away). Kukíma

Fling, v. Atúpi

Flog, v. Apíki

Floor, n. Nyeli

Flour, n. Fúfú

Flourish, v. ——

(grow well). Abími malámo

Flow, v. Akimi

Flute, n. Musíki

Fly, v. ——

(as a bird, &c.). Akími

(run away). Akími

Fold, v. ——

(of cloth, &c.). Agúmbi

(enclosure). Gbata

Follow, v. Aki nasima na ...

be Fond (of), v. Alingi

Food, n. Bolóko na kulila

Fool, n. Libóma. Elíma

be Foolish, v. Aji libóma

Foot, n. Magóro

For, prep., conj. Zambé na

Forearm, n. Maboko

Forefinger, n. Manzaka mibáli

Forefoot, n. Magóro nalibuso

Forehead, n. Mbata. Ngbata

Foreign, a. Na matanga musúsu. Na

mbóka musúsu

Foremost, a. Nalibuso

Forenoon, n. Nalibuso na móni nalikuro

Forest, n. Zamba

Forge, v. Apikimbíli. Atuti

(make in metal). Asali na ’mbili

Forget, v. Abongi

Fork, n. ——

(instrument). Kányé

Form, v. Asáli

Former, a. Na kala kala

Fornication, n. Kusíba

commit Fornication. Asíbi

Forsake, v. Atiki

Forward, ad., a. Nalibuso

Foul, a., v. Mábé

Four, n., a. Mini

Fowl, n. Koko

Fraud, n. Myeli

Frequent, a., v. Mokulu mingi

Fresh, a. ——

(new, newly got). Na sasípi

be Friendly, v. Aji pila moko ndeko

Frighten, v. Asáli abangi

Frog, n. Bódo

From, prep. ——

(out of). Na

(in consequence of). Zambé na

Front, n. ——

in Front (of). Nalibuso

Frown, v., n. Akangi misu

Fruit, n. Mbóma

Fugitive, n. Batu na kukima

Full, a. ——

be Full. Atúmi

be half Full. Atúmi na katikati

Full moon. Sanza mukuru

Full-grown, a. Mukuru

Fun, n. Kusika

Funny, a. Na kusika

Fur, n. Myáni

Furious, a. Sopo aji mábé mingi

Furnace, n. Móto

Furniture, n. Bolóko na ndako

Future, a., n. Nasima

in Future. Mokulu musúso

G

<13>

Game, n. ——

(pastime). Kusika

(animals hunted). Nyáma

Gap, n. Monoko

Garden, n. Gpóto

Garment, n. Ngombé

Gasp, v., n. Akamati

Gate, n. Monoko

Gather, v. ——

(collect). Ati na sika móko

(pluck). Akamati. Akati

Get, v. ——

(obtain). Akamati

(become). Abia

(cause). Asáli

Gift, n. Matabís

Girl, n. Matóto makáli

Give, v. Apesi

be Glad, v. Sopo aji malámo

Glass, n. Tála

Looking-glass. Tála tála

Gnaw, v. Akati na pembi

Go, v. Aki

Go in. Aki na sopo na

Go out. Aki na kanja

Go away. Akími

Go up. Aki nalikuro

Go down. Aki nasé

Go on. Aki nalibuso

Go over. Aliki

Go round. Aki pembeni

Go off. Akimi

Goat, n. Mimi

Good, a. Malámo

be Good for. Aji malámo zambé na

Good-bye, n. Sanini

say Good-bye to. Alúbi sanini

Good-day, n. Sanini

say Good-day to. Alúbi sanini

Good humour, n. Sopo malámo

Good-night, n. Sanini

say Good-night to. Alúbi sanini

Goods, n. Bolóko

Goose, n. Bata

Gorge, n. Kati kati na libógo

Gorge, v. Alili mingi

Government, n. Lita

Governor, n. Comandán

Gradually, ad. Peti peti Pete pete

Grasp, Grip, v. Akamati

Grass, n. Myáni na zamba

Graze, v. ——

(eat grass). Alili myáni

Grease, n., v. Mafúta

Great, a. Mukuru

Green, a. Bépi

Grey, a. Búbi

Grey hair, n. Myani búbi

Grieve, v. Agámi

Grin, n., v. Asiki

Grind, v. Asáli na libógo

Groan, v., n. Agámi

Ground, n. Nyeli

on the Ground. Na nyeli

Grow, v. ——

(increase). Abími

(become) Abia

Guard, v., n. Sinjepi

Guide, v., n. Batu aminisinjera

Gully, n. Kati kati na libógo

Gum, n. ——

(of teeth). Nyáma na pembi

Gun, n. Bundúki

Gunpowder, n. Barúti

H

<14>

Hail (stones), n. Libógo na ’mbúla

Hair, n. Myáni

Half, n. Kati kati

cut in Half. Akati na kati kati

Halt, v. Atikari

Halting-place, n. Sika na kutikara

Hammer, n., v. Apíki na hama. Atuti na hama.

Hand, n. Manzaka

Handkerchief, n. Kitambala móki

Handle, v. Akamati

Hang. ——

Hang up. Ati nalikuro

Hang back. Atikari nasima

Happen, v. Abia

Happy, a. ——

(joyful). Sopo malámo

Hard, a. ——

(to the touch). Makasi

Harness, n., v. Kamba na dongi

Hat, n. Taribúsi. Sápo

Hatchet, n. Gbono

Hate, v., n. Alingi

Haul, v. Abindi

Have, v. Aji na

He, him, pron.

Head, n. Mótu

Heal, v. Asáli malámo

Heap, n., v. Ati na sika móko

Hear, v. Aóki

Heart, n. Matima

Hearth, n. Sika na móto

Heaven, n. Lúla

Heavy, a. Molitu

Hedge, n. Gbata

Heel, n. Magóro

Hemp, n. Bangi

Hen, n. Koko makáli

Henceforth, a. Nasima

Her, pron., a. Nayé

Here, a. Owa

Hew, v. Akati

Hide, v. Abúmbi

Hide, n. Potu. Njóta

Hiding-place, n. Sika na kubúmba

High, a. Mula͡ɩ

High road. Njera mukuru

Hill, n. Libógo. Gangala

Hillock, n. Libógo móké

Himself, pron. mini mini

Hindmost, a. Nasima

His, pron. Nayé

Hit, v. Apíki

Hitherto, ad. Nalibuso

Hoe, n., v. Jíta

Hold, v. Akamati

Hole, n. Libádo

Home, n. Ndako

Honey, n. Njo͡ɩ

Hoof, n. Magóro

Horn, n. Pembi na mótu

Horse, n. Dongi

Hot, a. Na móto

House, n. Ndako

How, ad. Bóni

Howl, v., n. Agámi

Hum, v., n. Agámi

Human, a. Batu

Hundred, n., a. Kama

Hunger, n. Nzála

be Hungry, v. Akúfi nanzála

Hunt, v. Akábi nyáma

Hunter, n. Batu na nyáma

Hurricane, n. Mpepi makasi

Hurry, v., n. Aki (asáli) nóké nóké

Hush, int. Akangi monoko

Husk, n., v. Potu

Hut, n. Ndako

I

<15>

I, pron. Nga͡ɩ

Idiot, n. Libóma

Idle, a. Göi göi[9]

If, conj. Soko

Ill, a. Abíli

Illness, n. Kubíla. Maláli

Imitate, v. Asáli pila móko

Immediately, ad. Sasípi. Nóké nóké

Imprison, v. Ati na kamba

be Impudent, v. Afúndi

In, prep., ad. Na sopo na

Indian corn, n. Vúndé

India-rubber, n. Matópi. Kandi

Indoors, ad. Na sopo na ’ndako

Infant, n. Matóto móké

be Infirm, v. Abíli

Inform, v. Alúbi

Information, n. Kula

Inhabit, v. Atikari na

Ink, n. Meliba na waraga

Inquire, v. Alúbi

Inside, ad. Na sopo na

be Insolent, v. Afundi

Insolence, n. Kufunda

Intend, v. Alingi

Intestines, n. Sopo

Into, prep. Na sopo na

Iron, n. Mbíli

be Irritable, v. Sopo aji mábé

Island, n. Kisanga

It, pron.

Ivory, n. Pembi na ’mbongo

J

<16>

Jar, n. Malangi

Jaw, n. Matama

Jigger, n. Tukutuk

Join, v. Akangi

Journey, n., v. Kutambula. Atumbuli

be Joyful, v. Sopo aji malámo

Jug, n. Mbrígi

Juice, n. Meliba

Jump, v., n. Aki nalikuro

Jungle, n. Zamba

Just, a. Malámo

Just, ad. Sasípi

K

<17>

Keep, v. ——

Keep watch. Atáli

Key, n. Lifongula

Kick, v., n. Apíki na magóro. Atúti

Kid, n. Matóto na mimi

Kidney, n. Rangyo

Kill, v. Abonguli

Kin, Kindred, n. Ndeko

Kind, n. Matindu

a Kind of —. Matindu na

what Kind of — ? Matindu nini

of a (given) Kind. Pila móko

of a different Kind. Gúdi

Kind, a. Malámo

Kinsman, n. Ndeko

Knead, v. Asáli mápa

Knee, n. Kati kati na magóro

Knife, n. Mbíli

Knock, v. Apíki

Know, v. Aíbi

Knuckle, n. Manzaka

L

<18>

Labour, n. Kusála

Labourer, n. Batu na kusála

Lack, v., n. Aji na ... te

Lad, n. Matóto molúmi

Ladder, n. Njera na kukinda

Ladle, n. Likeli mukuru

Lake, n. Meliba

be Lame, v. Abukáni

Lament, v. Agámi

Lamentation, n. Kugáma

Lamp, n. Tála

Land, n. Nyeli

Land, v. Aki na nyeli

Language, n. Monoko

bad Language. Kula mábé

Lantern, n. Tála

Lap, v. Alili meliba

Large, a. Mukuru

Lash, v., n. Apiki. Finbu

Last, a. Nasima

Last night. Bútu na lúbi

Last time. Mokulu musúsu

be Late, v. Atikari mingi

Lately, ad. Na sasípi

Laugh, v., n. Asiki. Kusika

Launch, v. Apesi na meliba

Lay, v. ——

Lay eggs. Abúti parakondo

Lay dawn. Ati na nyeli

Lazy, a. Gói gói

Lead, v. Abi na

Leaf, n. Myáni na ’ndíti

be Lean, v. Aji kangi kangi

Leather, n. Potu na nyáma

Leave, v. Atiki

Leave off. Atiki

Left, Left hand, n., a. Na gós

Leg, n. Magóro

Let, v. ——

Let alone. Atiki

Let fall. Asáli aki na nyeli

Let go. Atiki

Letter, n. Waraga

Level, a. Apími

be Level. Aji apími

make Level. Asáli apími

Liar, n. Batu na likúta

Lick, v. Adangi

Lid, n. Monoko

Lie, n. Likúta

Lie, v. ——

(tell a lie). Alúbi likúta

Lie down. Aláli

Lie across. Aliki

Lift, v. Apesi nalikuro

Light, n. ——

Daylight. Móni

Light, a. ——

(in weight). Molitu

Light, v. ——

(kindle). Apelisi móto

Lightening, n. Mogbara. Nyáma nalikuro

Like, conj., a. Pila moko

Like, v. Alingi

Line, n. ——

draw a Line. Asálinjera na waraga

Lion, n. Tambwa

Lip, n. Nyáma na monoko

Listen, v. Aóki

Little, a. Móké

a Little. Móké

Little by little. Móké móké

Live, v. ——

(exist). Akúfi

(dwell). Atikari

Live, a. Akúfi

Liver, n. Lifwa

Load, v. ——

Load a gun. Ati rosási na sopo na bundúki

Log, n. Ndíti

Loiter, v. Atambuli pamba

Long, a., ad. Mula͡ɩ

a Long time ago. Na kala kala mingi

a Long way. Njera mula͡ɩ

Long, v. Alingi

Look, v. Amini

Look at. Amini

Look for. Akabi

Look about. Akábi pembeni

Look, n. Kumina

Looking-glass, n. Tála tála

Loose, a. Makasi

Loose, v. Alanguli

be Lost, v. Akimi

Lot, n. ——

a Lot of. Mingi

Loud, a., ad. Makasi

Low, a. Móké. Mula͡ɩ

(mean, poor). Pamba

Lower, v. Apesi nasé

Luggage, n. Bolóko

M

<19>

be Mad, v. Aji libóma

Maggot, n. Dúd

Maize, n. Vúndé

Make, v. Asáli

Male, a. Molúmi

Man, n. Batu

(male). Molúmi

(human being). Batu

Mankind, n. Batu nyoso

Many, a. Mingi

Market, a. Sika na kusúmba

Marriage, n. Kusúmba na makáli

Marry, v. Asúmbi makáli

Master, n. Masongu

Matter, n. ——

(affair). Kula

what is the Matter? Kula nini

it does not Matter. Asiri. Kula aji

Meanwhile, ad. Sasípi

Measure, n. Kamba na kumíki [sic][10]

Measure, v. Amíki

Meat, n. Nyáma

Medicine, n. Dáwa

Medicine-man. Kajúr

Meet, v. ——

(fall in with). Akutáni

(come together). Akutáni

Meeting, n. Kukutána

be Melancholy, v. Sopo aji mábé

Mend, v. Asáli malámo

Mention, v. Alúbi

Merchandise, n. Bolóko na kusúmba

Merchant, n. Gríki

be Merry, v. Sopo aji malámo

Message, n. Kula. Waraga.

Messenger, n. Batu na waraga

Metal, n. Mbíli

Mid-day, n. Móni nalikuro

Middle, n., a. Kati kati

Midnight, n. Kati kati na bútu

Milk, n. Miliki

Milk, v. Alanguli miliki

Millet, Telebún[11], n. Málo

Mimic, n., v. Asáli pila móko

Mind, v. ——

(take to heart). Aóki

Mine, pron. Na ’nga͡ɩ

Miss, v. ——

(fail to hit). Apíki te

(feel want of). Alingi

Mistake, n., v. Nymolo

Mix, v. Asangáni

Moan, v., n. Agámi

Money, n. Paláta

Monkey, n. Kima

Month, n. Sanza

Moon, n. Sanza

full Moon. Sanza mukuru

new Moon. Sanza móké

Moonlight, n. Sanza

Morning, n. Tongu

(dawn). Tongu

(forenoon). Nalibuso na móni nalikuro

Mortar, n. ——

(for building). Poto poto

Mosquito, n. Gongu

Mosquito net. Tandarua

Mother, n. Mama

Mountain, n. Libógo. Gangála

Mourn, v. Agámi

Mourning, n. Kugáma

Mouth, n. Monoko

Move, v. Alanguli

Mow, v. Akati

Much, a., ad. Mingi

Mud, n. Poto poto

Murder, v., n. Abonguli